I'll try to answer your questions quickly here
1. The paddles are called sweeps. They're basically oars. The box is the scale of the plans, in French feet (1
pied = 0.324 metres).
2. See above. You can work in whatever scale you wish, but be sure to include a reference cube -- e.g. if you work in
pieds include a box named "1 cubic meter" or the like, which is 3.086 units long on each side.
3. Correct -- left side = bow, right side = stern. I'm honestly not sure what the extra parts are. There's something clearly labeled "A" but if there's a key that would help identify it, it's missing or illegible.
4. If you want this boat to be your first project and submitted as such, you'll need to give her a mast and rigging. This boat does not appear to be fitted with a tabernacle, which is the special "box hinge" that lets a mast be lowered. If you want to re-use this on another ship, you would need to remove the tabernacle anyway along with the mast
5. The framing plan is extremely crude; its only real benefit is to give an idea of the boat's construction and how it was fitted out. However, the plans are missing a
critical piece of information as far as I can see: where the frames (technically: "stations") on the fore/aft view ("body plan") actually go.
This can be reconstructed if you know how to design ships. See attached: I have marked approximately where the main frames go, but it's up to you to straighten the plans (they're angled a fraction of a degree clockwise) and divide up the length of the ship in order to find where each frame should probably go. Note, however -- these plans are so roughly drawn, I am not confident the original shipwright used standard French design practices. What you get from the reconstruction is a starting guess, not a finished product
Lastly, while you're starting in the right direction, you'll want to simplify your hull geometry drastically. In the end, your hull shell (i.e. just the outer planking) should take up maybe 600-800 triangles for a project of this size and simplicity. I highly recommend
Faunalboy's boat thread to get an idea not just of how much geometry to use, but how it should "flow."
Happy modelling!